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Civil Service vs Non Civil Service
Hiring Process
To become a firefighter in a civil service department, candidates must take and pass a state-mandated civil service exam. This exam is a two-part test that includes a written portion and an Entry-Level Physical Abilities Test (ELPAT).
Eligibility List
After passing the exam, a candidate's name is placed on a statewide eligibility list. Fire departments must hire from this list, typically in rank order based on exam scores, with preference often given to residents and veterans
Job Security and Promotions
Civil service provides strong job protection and a structured process for promotions. Disciplinary actions and layoffs are governed by civil service laws, which offer an appeal process and can place laid-off firefighters on a statewide list for rehire. Promotions are also based on a separate competitive examination process administered by the state.
Hiring Process
These departments have their own hiring process, which can vary widely. They may use a combination of written exams, interviews, and physical tests that are not standardized by the state. They also have more flexibility in who they can hire and aren't required to pull from the state's civil service list.
Flexibility
Non-civil service departments can be more agile in their hiring, sometimes allowing for faster recruitment. They can also set their own hiring qualifications, which might be different from the state's requirements.
Job Security and Promotions
While many non-civil service departments are unionized and have collective bargaining agreements that provide some job security, it is generally considered to be less extensive than what the civil service system offers. Promotions are also managed internally, often through department-specific testing and evaluation processes.
Basic Requirements
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Be 18 years of age
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Have a high school diploma or GED equivalent.
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Pass CORI/background check
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Have an active Driver’s License
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Pass a Physical Ability test
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Pass a pre-employment medical screening
Becoming a firefighter typically involves a few key stages: meeting basic requirements, completing an application and testing process, and then attending an academy for training. All these requirements are state dependent.
Fire Academies Per State
Fire Service
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